Conversion and Reversion Rates of Tuberculosis Screening Assays in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases and Negative Baseline Screening Under Long-Term Biologic Treatment
Identifieur interne : 000473 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000472; suivant : 000474Conversion and Reversion Rates of Tuberculosis Screening Assays in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases and Negative Baseline Screening Under Long-Term Biologic Treatment
Auteurs : Konstantinos Thomas [Grèce] ; Emilia Hadziyannis [Grèce] ; Chrisoula Hatzara [Grèce] ; Anastasia Makris [Grèce] ; Christina Tsalapaki [Grèce] ; Argyro Lazarini [Grèce] ; Kalliopi Klavdianou [Grèce] ; Katerina Antonatou [Grèce] ; Christos Koutsianas [Grèce] ; Dimitrios Vassilopoulos [Grèce]Source :
- Pathogens and Immunity [ 2469-2964 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
To determine the conversion and reversion rates of tuberculosis (TB) screening tests (Tuberculin Skin Test-TST, Interferon Gamma Release Assay-IGRA: T-SPOT.TB) during biologic treatment in patients with rheumatic diseases and negative baseline screening.
This was a long-term, longitudinal cohort study of 50 patients with rheumatic diseases and negative baseline TB screening (TST: < 5 mm, negative T-SPOT.TB) treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) or other non-TNFi biologics. Patients were rescreened at a mean time of 1.4 (first rescreening) and 6.9 (second rescreening) years from baseline, with both assays. The conversion (negative to positive) and reversion (positive to negative) rate was calculated for each TB screening test.
Fifty patients (mean age = 60 years) with various rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis: n = 24, spondyloarthropathies: n = 23, other: n = 3) were enrolled. During the first phase (baseline to first rescreening), all patients were treated with TNFi while during the second phase (first to second rescreening), TNFi (54%) and non-TNFi (46%) were used. Fifteen patients (30%) displayed conversion of at least 1 screening assay during follow-up (10 at the first and 5 at the second rescreening). This conversion rate was higher with TST (n = 11, 22% or 3.47/100 patient-years) compared to T-SPOT.TB (n = 4, 8% or 1.74/100 patient-years). Among the 10 converters at the first rescreening, 5 received isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy and 5 did not; an equal number of patients (3/5, 60%) reverted to negative with or without INH therapy. None of the patients developed active TB during follow-up (6.9 ± 1.0 years).
Approximately one-third of patients with rheumatic diseases and negative baseline TB screening developed conversion of at least 1 screening test during long-term biologic treatment. This occurred most often with TST and was usually a transient event. These findings do not support routine serial TB retesting in biologic-treated patients with rheumatic diseases in the absence of TB risk factors.
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DOI: 10.20411/pai.v5i1.349
PubMed: 32258853
PubMed Central: 7104555
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Conversion and Reversion Rates of Tuberculosis Screening Assays in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases and Negative Baseline Screening Under Long-Term Biologic Treatment</title><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Konstantinos" sort="Thomas, Konstantinos" uniqKey="Thomas K" first="Konstantinos" last="Thomas">Konstantinos Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 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Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makris, Anastasia" sort="Makris, Anastasia" uniqKey="Makris A" first="Anastasia" last="Makris">Anastasia Makris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsalapaki, Christina" sort="Tsalapaki, Christina" uniqKey="Tsalapaki C" first="Christina" last="Tsalapaki">Christina Tsalapaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazarini, Argyro" sort="Lazarini, Argyro" uniqKey="Lazarini A" first="Argyro" last="Lazarini">Argyro Lazarini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klavdianou, Kalliopi" sort="Klavdianou, Kalliopi" uniqKey="Klavdianou K" first="Kalliopi" last="Klavdianou">Kalliopi Klavdianou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antonatou, Katerina" sort="Antonatou, Katerina" uniqKey="Antonatou K" first="Katerina" last="Antonatou">Katerina Antonatou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koutsianas, Christos" sort="Koutsianas, Christos" uniqKey="Koutsianas C" first="Christos" last="Koutsianas">Christos Koutsianas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios" sort="Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Vassilopoulos D" first="Dimitrios" last="Vassilopoulos">Dimitrios Vassilopoulos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32258853</idno><idno type="pmc">7104555</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104555</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7104555</idno><idno type="doi">10.20411/pai.v5i1.349</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000D18</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000D18</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000D18</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000D18</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000329</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000329</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002B10</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002B10</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002B10</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000473</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000473</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000473</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Conversion and Reversion Rates of Tuberculosis Screening Assays in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases and Negative Baseline Screening Under Long-Term Biologic Treatment</title><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Konstantinos" sort="Thomas, Konstantinos" uniqKey="Thomas K" first="Konstantinos" last="Thomas">Konstantinos Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadziyannis, Emilia" sort="Hadziyannis, Emilia" uniqKey="Hadziyannis E" first="Emilia" last="Hadziyannis">Emilia Hadziyannis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatzara, Chrisoula" sort="Hatzara, Chrisoula" uniqKey="Hatzara C" first="Chrisoula" last="Hatzara">Chrisoula Hatzara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Makris, Anastasia" sort="Makris, Anastasia" uniqKey="Makris A" first="Anastasia" last="Makris">Anastasia Makris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsalapaki, Christina" sort="Tsalapaki, Christina" uniqKey="Tsalapaki C" first="Christina" last="Tsalapaki">Christina Tsalapaki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazarini, Argyro" sort="Lazarini, Argyro" uniqKey="Lazarini A" first="Argyro" last="Lazarini">Argyro Lazarini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klavdianou, Kalliopi" sort="Klavdianou, Kalliopi" uniqKey="Klavdianou K" first="Kalliopi" last="Klavdianou">Kalliopi Klavdianou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antonatou, Katerina" sort="Antonatou, Katerina" uniqKey="Antonatou K" first="Katerina" last="Antonatou">Katerina Antonatou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koutsianas, Christos" sort="Koutsianas, Christos" uniqKey="Koutsianas C" first="Christos" last="Koutsianas">Christos Koutsianas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios" sort="Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Vassilopoulos D" first="Dimitrios" last="Vassilopoulos">Dimitrios Vassilopoulos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea> Joint Rheumatology Program, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit; 2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory; Hippokration General Hospital; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine; Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Pathogens and Immunity</title><idno type="eISSN">2469-2964</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background:</title><p>To determine the conversion and reversion rates of tuberculosis (TB) screening tests (Tuberculin Skin Test-TST, Interferon Gamma Release Assay-IGRA: T-SPOT.TB) during biologic treatment in patients with rheumatic diseases and negative baseline screening.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>This was a long-term, longitudinal cohort study of 50 patients with rheumatic diseases and negative baseline TB screening (TST: < 5 mm, negative T-SPOT.TB) treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) or other non-TNFi biologics. Patients were rescreened at a mean time of 1.4 (first rescreening) and 6.9 (second rescreening) years from baseline, with both assays. The conversion (negative to positive) and reversion (positive to negative) rate was calculated for each TB screening test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>Fifty patients (mean age = 60 years) with various rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis: n = 24, spondyloarthropathies: n = 23, other: n = 3) were enrolled. During the first phase (baseline to first rescreening), all patients were treated with TNFi while during the second phase (first to second rescreening), TNFi (54%) and non-TNFi (46%) were used. Fifteen patients (30%) displayed conversion of at least 1 screening assay during follow-up (10 at the first and 5 at the second rescreening). This conversion rate was higher with TST (n = 11, 22% or 3.47/100 patient-years) compared to T-SPOT.TB (n = 4, 8% or 1.74/100 patient-years). Among the 10 converters at the first rescreening, 5 received isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy and 5 did not; an equal number of patients (3/5, 60%) reverted to negative with or without INH therapy. None of the patients developed active TB during follow-up (6.9 ± 1.0 years).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>Approximately one-third of patients with rheumatic diseases and negative baseline TB screening developed conversion of at least 1 screening test during long-term biologic treatment. This occurred most often with TST and was usually a transient event. These findings do not support routine serial TB retesting in biologic-treated patients with rheumatic diseases in the absence of TB risk factors.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Houben, Rm" uniqKey="Houben R">RM Houben</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dodd, Pj" uniqKey="Dodd P">PJ Dodd</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alsdurf, H" uniqKey="Alsdurf H">H Alsdurf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, Pc" uniqKey="Hill P">PC Hill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matteelli, A" uniqKey="Matteelli A">A Matteelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Getahun, H" uniqKey="Getahun H">H Getahun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menzies, D" uniqKey="Menzies D">D Menzies</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, E" uniqKey="Lee E">E Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holzman, Rs" uniqKey="Holzman 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Belknap</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roth, Pj" uniqKey="Roth P">PJ Roth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grim, Sa" uniqKey="Grim S">SA Grim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gallitano, S" uniqKey="Gallitano S">S Gallitano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adams, W" uniqKey="Adams W">W Adams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, Nm" uniqKey="Clark N">NM Clark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Layden, Je" uniqKey="Layden J">JE Layden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Grèce</li></country></list><tree><country name="Grèce"><noRegion><name sortKey="Thomas, Konstantinos" sort="Thomas, Konstantinos" uniqKey="Thomas K" first="Konstantinos" last="Thomas">Konstantinos Thomas</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Antonatou, Katerina" sort="Antonatou, Katerina" uniqKey="Antonatou K" first="Katerina" last="Antonatou">Katerina Antonatou</name><name sortKey="Hadziyannis, Emilia" sort="Hadziyannis, Emilia" uniqKey="Hadziyannis E" first="Emilia" last="Hadziyannis">Emilia Hadziyannis</name><name sortKey="Hatzara, Chrisoula" sort="Hatzara, Chrisoula" uniqKey="Hatzara C" first="Chrisoula" last="Hatzara">Chrisoula Hatzara</name><name sortKey="Klavdianou, Kalliopi" sort="Klavdianou, Kalliopi" uniqKey="Klavdianou K" first="Kalliopi" last="Klavdianou">Kalliopi Klavdianou</name><name sortKey="Koutsianas, Christos" sort="Koutsianas, Christos" uniqKey="Koutsianas C" first="Christos" last="Koutsianas">Christos Koutsianas</name><name sortKey="Lazarini, Argyro" sort="Lazarini, Argyro" uniqKey="Lazarini A" first="Argyro" last="Lazarini">Argyro Lazarini</name><name sortKey="Makris, Anastasia" sort="Makris, Anastasia" uniqKey="Makris A" first="Anastasia" last="Makris">Anastasia Makris</name><name sortKey="Tsalapaki, Christina" sort="Tsalapaki, Christina" uniqKey="Tsalapaki C" first="Christina" last="Tsalapaki">Christina Tsalapaki</name><name sortKey="Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios" sort="Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Vassilopoulos D" first="Dimitrios" last="Vassilopoulos">Dimitrios Vassilopoulos</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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